Conditional Statements

These allow you to control the flow of your program based on certain conditions. With conditional statements, you can add logic and decision-making capabilities to your code.

What are Conditional Statements?

Conditional statements are used to decide whether a specific block of code should be executed or not, depending on whether a certain condition is true or false. They form the backbone of many algorithms and programs.

In C++, we mainly use three types of conditional statements:

1. if statement
2. if-else statement
3. switch statement

Let's dive into each one in more detail!

The if Statement

The simplest type of conditional statement is the if statement. It checks if a condition is true, and if so, executes the code inside its block.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int age = 17;

    if (age >= 18) {
        std::cout << "You are eligible to vote!";
    }

    return 0;
}

The if-else Statement

The if-else statement adds another branch for when the condition is false.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int age = 17;

    if (age >= 18) {
        std::cout << "You are eligible to vote!";
    } else {
        std::cout << "You are not eligible to vote yet.";
    }

    return 0;
}

The switch Statement

The switch statement is used when you need to make a decision based on multiple discrete values of a variable. It's a cleaner alternative to using multiple nested if-else statements.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int day = 3;

    switch (day) {
        case 1:
            std::cout << "Monday";
            break;
        case 2:
            std::cout << "Tuesday";
            break;
        case 3:
            std::cout << "Wednesday";
            break;
        default:
            std::cout << "Invalid day number!";
    }

    return 0;
}

That's it! You can start adding logic and decision-making capabilities to your programs!